Probiotic-Based Therapy for Active Tuberculosis Infection: The Role of Gut-Lung Axis and Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor

Tuberculosis is a global health problem with total of 1.4 million cases in 2015. Over the last decade, several studies have demonstrated potential role gut-lung axis treatment tuberculosis. The exact mechanism on tuberculosis still unknown, however modulation can be performed via probiotic administration. administered probiotics are capable inducing an immunomodulating effect which helps process infection. One molecules that activated and plays infection granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF control intracellular production M. tuberculosis, inflammation granulomas, lung tissue reparation. This article aimed to explore axis, GM-CSF, probiotic-based therapy active It was found mediate immune response activation inflammatory cytokines interleukins related infection, but not directly pathogen. Thus, has increase immunity during Further other mechanisms against through administration need performed.